A dental crown is a custom-made cap that fits over a damaged or decayed tooth, restoring its shape, size, and strength. Dental crowns are essential for maintaining oral health and can be crafted from various materials to match the natural appearance of your teeth.
Understanding Dental Crowns
A dental crown, often referred to as a cap, is designed to cover the entire visible portion of a tooth above the gum line. This restorative procedure is commonly used to strengthen weak teeth, repair broken ones, or improve the overall appearance of discolored or misshapen teeth.
To fit a dental crown properly, a dentist will remove a small amount of enamel from the existing tooth. This process ensures that the crown will sit snugly and securely. Crowns are typically made from materials like porcelain, metal, or resin, each offering unique benefits.
When is a Dental Crown Needed?
Dental crowns are versatile and serve several purposes, including:
- Reinforcing a weak tooth
- Protecting and supporting a cracked tooth
- Restoring a worn-down or broken tooth
- Holding a dental bridge in place
- Covering severely stained or discolored teeth
- Shielding a tooth after a root canal treatment
- Capping a dental implant
Types of Dental Crowns
Metal Crowns
Made from alloys containing gold, palladium, nickel, or chromium, metal crowns are known for their durability and resistance to wear. They require minimal enamel removal and can withstand strong biting and chewing forces, making them ideal for molars. However, their metallic color makes them less popular for visible front teeth.
Porcelain-Fused-to-Metal (PFM) Crowns
PFM crowns combine the strength of metal with the natural look of porcelain. These crowns are color-matched to your teeth but can chip over time, exposing the metal underneath. They are suitable for both front and back teeth, providing a balance of durability and aesthetics.
Pressed Ceramic Crowns
Pressed ceramic crowns have a ceramic core and multiple layers of porcelain, mimicking the translucency of natural teeth. Dentists use them for both front and back teeth, but they can chip over time, similar to PFM crowns.
All-Ceramic or Porcelain Crowns
All-ceramic crowns are highly aesthetic and resemble natural teeth. They are a great option for those with metal allergies. Dentists commonly use zirconium dioxide to make them, offering exceptional strength and durability.
Same-Day Dental Crowns
Using CAD/CAM technology, dentists can create same-day crowns in their offices. This allows for digital impressions and milling of a custom crown during a single visit, providing convenience and efficiency. However, not all patients are candidates for same-day crowns.
All-Resin Crowns
All-resin crowns are more affordable but less durable than other types. Dentists often use them as temporary crowns, which typically last three to five years.
The Dental Crown Procedure
First Visit
- Preparation: The dentist removes some enamel to create space for the crown and may build up the tooth with filling material.
- Impressions: The dentist takes physical or digital impressions to create the custom crown.
- Temporary Crown: A temporary crown protects the tooth while the permanent one is made.
Second Visit
- Removal of Temporary Crown: The temporary crown is removed.
- Fitting the New Crown: The dentist checks the shape, color, and fit of the new crown.
- Bonding: The new crown is bonded to the tooth using dental cement.
Benefits and Risks of Dental Crowns
Benefits
- Extend the life of natural teeth
- Repair worn, broken, or decayed teeth
- Protect teeth from further erosion
- Improve chewing function
- Enhance appearance
- Longevity with proper care
Risks
- Removal of some natural enamel
- Potential sensitivity after placement
- Risk of breaking or fracturing over time
- Bacteria trapping if not fitted properly
- Rare allergic reactions
- Higher cost compared to other dental treatments
Recovery and Maintenance
Post-Procedure Recovery
Most people can resume normal activities immediately after crown placement. It’s common to experience sensitivity to heat and cold, and some gum soreness. Over-the-counter pain relievers can help alleviate discomfort.
Foods to Avoid
To protect your crown, avoid:
- Ice cubes
- Hard nuts
- Popcorn kernels
- Sticky foods like taffy and caramels
Longevity and Care
Dental crowns can last up to 30 years with proper care, but may need replacement if damaged. Maintain good oral hygiene by brushing twice daily, flossing, using antibacterial mouthwash, and avoiding hard foods. Regular dental check-ups are also essential.
When to Contact Your Dentist
If you have a dental crown, reach out to your dentist if you notice:
- A loose crown
- Bad breath or a bad taste
- Cracks or chips in the crown
- Sharp edges causing discomfort
Additional Considerations
Pain and Sensitivity
Crowns should not cause pain. Some sensitivity is normal, but you should address persistent discomfort with your dentist.
Veneers vs. Crowns
Veneers cover the front surface of the tooth and are primarily cosmetic, while crowns cover the entire tooth and offer both restorative and cosmetic benefits.
Alternatives to Crowns
- Inlays and onlays: Suitable for teeth too damaged for fillings but not requiring full crowns.
- Veneers: For cosmetic concerns without underlying decay.
- Tooth extraction and dental implants: For severely damaged or decayed teeth.
Conclusion
Dental crowns are an effective solution for restoring damaged teeth and enhancing oral health. By understanding the different types, procedures, and care involved, you can make informed decisions about your dental treatment. For more information or to schedule an appointment, contact our dental office today.